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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...

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T cell activation by lipopeptide antigens.

D Branch Moody1, David C Young, Tan-Yun Cheng

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Smith Building Room 514, 1 Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, MA 02115, USA. bmoody@rics.bwh.harvard.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 24, 2004
PubMed
Summary

CD1a proteins present novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipopeptides, didehydroxymycobactins, to T cells. T cell receptors recognize specific lipid structures, revealing a new pathway for intracellular pathogen detection.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Microbiology
  • T cell antigen presentation
  • Mycobacterial lipid antigens

Background:

  • Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins present peptide antigens.
  • CD1 proteins are distinct, presenting lipid antigens to T cells.
  • The repertoire of lipid antigens recognized by T cells remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel lipid antigens presented by CD1a.
  • To characterize the T cell response to these novel antigens.
  • To explore the implications for intracellular pathogen detection.

Main Methods:

  • Identification and structural characterization of lipopeptides from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  • Analysis of T cell activation mediated by CD1a presenting these lipopeptides.
  • Investigation of T cell receptor specificity for antigen structure.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of a new family of Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipopeptides, didehydroxymycobactins.
  • Demonstration that CD1a presents these lipopeptides to T cells.
  • T cell activation is specific to the acyl and peptidic components of didehydroxymycobactins, mediated by alphabeta T cell receptors.

Conclusions:

  • Lipopeptides represent a significant biochemical class of T cell antigens.
  • Didehydroxymycobactins are novel antigens presented by CD1a, enabling intracellular pathogen detection.
  • The structural diversity of lipopeptides offers potential for broad T cell recognition, similar to peptides.