Intravenous immunoglobulin reduces serum tumor necrosis factor alpha in patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome

Tumor necrosis factor a TNF-alpha has a possible role in the pathogenesis of the Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS).

To study the effect of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) on serum TNF-alpha concentrations in patients with GBS.

The effect of IVIg on TNF-alpha was evaluated in 36 patients with GBS. Serum TNF-alpha concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The sera of 22 (61%) patients with GBS showed elevated concentrations of TNF-alpha (35-182 pg/ml) and these sera were individually incubated in vitro with IVIg (0.25 mg/ml) at 37 degrees C for 24 hours.

The serum TNF-alpha concentrations in the 22 GBS patients with elevated levels showed a steady decline (60.34-19.78 pg/ml) following incubation with IVIg. These 22 patients also received IVIg therapy, and serum TNF-alpha concentrations showed a significant decline (65.5-9.75 pg/ml) at the end of the therapy. At the time of discharge from the hospital, there was a positive correlation between neurological recovery and decline in TNF-alpha concentrations in these 22 GBS patients.

The results of this study indicate that elevated levels of TNF-alpha occur in a proportion of patients with GBS and in these patients elevated serum TNF-alpha levels decline with IVIg therapy.