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Self-reported depression and negative pregnancy outcomes.

R A Steer1, T O Scholl, M L Hediger

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, SOM & RWJMS, Cooper Hospital/University Medical Center, Camden 08103.

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
|October 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Late-pregnancy depression symptoms increase risks for poor pregnancy outcomes in adults, but not adolescents. For adults, higher Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores correlated with increased risks of low birth weight, preterm delivery, and small-for-gestational-age infants.

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Area of Science:

  • Perinatal mental health
  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Limited research exists on the association between late-pregnancy depressive symptoms and pregnancy outcomes.
  • Understanding this link is crucial for maternal and infant health, particularly in diverse populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between third-trimester depressive symptoms and adverse pregnancy outcomes in adolescents and adults.
  • To identify specific risks associated with clinical depression levels in pregnant adults.

Main Methods:

  • The revised Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered to 323 inner-city adolescents and 389 adults during their third trimester.
  • BDI total scores were analyzed against indicators of poor pregnancy outcomes, including low birth weight, preterm delivery, and small-for-gestational-age infants.

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  • Statistical regression models were used to assess the association between BDI scores and pregnancy outcomes.

    • Main Results:

    • No significant association was found between BDI scores and pregnancy outcomes in the adolescent group.
    • In adult gravidas, each point increase in BDI score was associated with a 5-7% rise in the risk of poor pregnancy outcomes (p < 0.05).
    • A BDI cut-off score of 21 (suggestive of clinical depression) in adults significantly increased the risk of delivering a low birth weight infant (OR 3.97), preterm delivery (OR 3.39), and small-for-gestational-age infant (OR 3.02).

    Conclusions:

    • Late-pregnancy depressive symptoms are linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes in adults, but not adolescents.
    • Clinical depression in pregnant adults poses significant risks for infant health.
    • Further research is needed to explore physiological mechanisms and findings across diverse socioeconomic groups.