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Topically applied minoxidil may cause fetal malformation: a case report.
Carlo Smorlesi1, Adele Caldarella, Laura Caramelli
1Dipartimento di Farmacologia Preclinica e Clinica, Università di Firenze and Azienda Ospedaliera Careggi, Florence, Italy.
Birth Defects Research. Part A, Clinical and Molecular Teratology
|January 28, 2004
Summary
Topical minoxidil (2%) use during pregnancy may cause fetal toxicity. A case study revealed significant fetal malformations, including brain and vascular abnormalities, after maternal scalp application.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Teratology
- Obstetrics
Background:
- Minoxidil, a K(+) channel opener, relaxes vascular smooth muscles and influences cell growth.
- Widely used for hair growth, topical minoxidil absorption can lead to systemic effects.
- Pregnancy status necessitates careful consideration of drug safety due to potential fetal exposure.
Observation:
- A pregnant woman applied minoxidil 2% to her scalp daily.
- At 22 weeks gestation, fetal ultrasound revealed severe brain, heart, and vascular malformations.
- Pregnancy termination allowed for detailed examination of fetal and placental pathology.
Findings:
- The fetus exhibited cardiac enlargement, aortic stenosis, and complex brain abnormalities including enlarged ventricles and hemorrhages.
- Placental ischemia and abnormal villi maturation were noted.
- Histological findings included inappropriate angiogenesis and capillary rearrangement in fetal tissues.
Implications:
- This case highlights potential minoxidil-induced fetal toxicity.
- Further research is crucial to understand risks before recommending minoxidil use in pregnant women.
- Caution is advised regarding topical minoxidil application during pregnancy.