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Pediatric urolithiasis in Croatia.

Mihovil Biocić1, Marijan Saraga, Andrea Cvitković Kuzmić

  • 1Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Split, Split, Croatia.

Collegium Antropologicum
|January 30, 2004
PubMed
Summary

This study analyzed pediatric urolithiasis in Croatia, finding calcium oxalate stones most common. Pediatric kidney stone characteristics in Croatia align with those in developed Western countries.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Urology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Urolithiasis in children presents unique diagnostic and management challenges.
  • Understanding the epidemiology of kidney stones in pediatric populations is crucial for public health initiatives.
  • Previous studies have highlighted variations in stone composition and etiology based on geographic and socioeconomic factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical characteristics, stone composition, and treatment outcomes of pediatric urolithiasis in Croatia.
  • To compare findings in Croatian children with data from countries with differing socioeconomic statuses.
  • To identify risk factors and etiological causes of kidney stones in different pediatric age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of medical records of 148 Croatian children treated for urolithiasis between 1989 and 2003.

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  • Data collected included patient demographics, clinical presentation, stone location, laboratory findings, stone composition, and treatment modality.
  • Statistical analysis was performed to compare results across age groups and with international data.

    • Main Results:

    • The mean age of patients was 9.38 years. Abdominal pain and hematuria were common symptoms in older children, while urinary tract infections predominated in younger children.
    • Kidney stones were most frequently located in the kidney (60.8%), followed by the ureter (26.4%).
    • Calcium oxalate was the predominant stone composition (48.7%), with struvite stones being more common in children under 5. Urinary tract anomalies and hypercalciuria were significant etiological factors.

    Conclusions:

    • Pediatric urolithiasis in Croatia shares similar stone composition, location, and etiology with developed Western countries.
    • Urinary tract anomalies are associated with urolithiasis in younger children, while hypercalciuria is a key factor in older children.
    • Findings underscore the importance of considering both congenital and metabolic factors in the etiology of pediatric kidney stones.