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Related Concept Videos

Adhesion01:14

Adhesion

Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
Capillary action is a result of water’s adhesive tendencies. When a narrow glass...
Dehydration Synthesis01:15

Dehydration Synthesis

Dehydration synthesis (also called a condensation reaction) is the chemical process in which two molecules covalently link together to form a new molecule, along with the release of a water molecule. Many physiologically important compounds form by dehydration synthesis reactions, such as complex carbohydrates, proteins, DNA, and RNA.Synthesis of carbohydratesSugar molecules are covalently linked together by dehydration synthesis. During the reaction, the hydroxyl (-OH) group from one reactant...
Pinocytosis00:43

Pinocytosis

Cells use energy-requiring bulk transport mechanisms to transfer large particles, or large amounts of small particles, into or out of the cell. The cells envelop the particles in spherical membranes called vesicles or vacuoles. Vesicles that transport material into the cell are built from the cell membrane. These vesicles encapsulate external molecules and transport them into the cell in a process called endocytosis.
Xylem and Transpiration-driven Transport of Resources02:03

Xylem and Transpiration-driven Transport of Resources

The xylem of vascular plants distributes water and dissolved minerals that are taken up by the roots to the rest of the plant. The cells that transport xylem sap are dead upon maturity, and the movement of xylem sap is a passive process.
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Pinocytosis00:38

Pinocytosis

Cells use energy-requiring bulk transport mechanisms to transfer large particles or large numbers of small particles into or out of the cell. The cells envelop the particles in spherical membranes called vesicles or vacuoles. Vesicles that transport material into the cell are built from the cell membrane. These vesicles encapsulate external molecules and transport them into the cell in a process called endocytosis.
Pinocytosis ("cellular drinking") is one of three main types of endocytosis. In...

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Updated: Jul 8, 2026

In Situ Characterization of Hydrated Proteins in Water by SALVI and ToF-SIMS
09:48

In Situ Characterization of Hydrated Proteins in Water by SALVI and ToF-SIMS

Published on: February 15, 2016

Water molecule adsorption on protonated dipeptides.

Motoya Kohtani1, Gary A Breaux, Martin F Jarrold

  • 1Chemistry Department, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 30, 2004
PubMed
Summary

This study measured water molecule adsorption on protonated dipeptides, finding complex interactions involving conformational changes. Calculations align with experimental enthalpy and entropy values, revealing how water affects protonation sites.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Biophysical Chemistry

Background:

  • Protonated dipeptides exhibit complex conformational behavior.
  • Understanding peptide-water interactions is crucial for biological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure and calculate the thermodynamics of the first water molecule adsorption on protonated dipeptides.
  • To investigate the conformational changes and protonation site stabilization upon water adsorption.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental measurement of equilibrium constants as a function of temperature.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) and MP2 computational methods for analyzing peptide-water complexes.
  • Conformational analysis of unsolvated and hydrated peptides.

Main Results:

  • Experimental determination of enthalpy (DeltaH(o)) and entropy (DeltaS(o)) for water adsorption.
  • Calculations revealed multiple low-energy conformations for both peptides and their water complexes.
  • Water adsorption involves significant conformational changes, stabilizing the N-terminus protonation site.

Conclusions:

  • Water adsorption on protonated dipeptides is a complex process influenced by peptide structure.
  • Computational methods provide valuable insights into experimental thermodynamic data.
  • Specific interactions, like secondary amine and cation-pi interactions, modulate adsorption enthalpy.