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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types01:27

Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types

406
Conventional oral drug products, termed immediate-release (IR) formulations, are engineered to promptly release their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) upon ingestion, typically in tablets or capsules. This rapid release often results in swift drug absorption and consequent pharmacodynamic effects, although the timing and intensity can vary depending on the drug's properties. Prodrugs within these formulations require metabolic conversion to activate their pharmacodynamic effects,...
406
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification01:23

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification

315
Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
315
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

177
Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also...
177
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

164
Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
164
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems01:11

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

222
Delayed-release drug delivery systems are specialized pharmaceutical formulations designed to postpone the release of active compounds until the drug reaches a specific region of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically the intestine. These systems are essential for drugs that may cause gastric irritation, are unstable in acidic environments, or need to exert therapeutic effects locally in the intestinal or colonic regions.The core feature of delayed-release systems is the use of enteric...
222
Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

168
Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
168

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Ferromagnetic Bare Metal Stent for Endothelial Cell Capture and Retention
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Ferromagnetic Bare Metal Stent for Endothelial Cell Capture and Retention

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Drug-eluting stents.

T Cooper Woods1, Andrew R Marks

  • 1Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA.

Annual Review of Medicine
|January 30, 2004
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Drug-eluting stents using rapamycin and taxol combat in-stent restenosis, a common issue after coronary angioplasty. These drug-coated stents prevent vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, significantly improving outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Stent implantation is standard for coronary angioplasty, but in-stent restenosis remains a significant clinical problem, affecting 10-20% of patients.
  • In-stent restenosis is primarily caused by vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation, leading to neointima formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of drug-eluting stents in preventing in-stent restenosis.
  • To highlight the development and potential of antiproliferative drug-coated stents.

Main Methods:

  • Development of drug-delivery vehicles coated onto coronary stents.
  • Utilizing antiproliferative therapeutics, specifically rapamycin and taxol, for drug elution.
  • Extensive preclinical examination and mechanistic understanding of drug effects.

Main Results:

  • Rapamycin-coated stents were approved for market entry in April 2003.
  • Taxol-coated stents demonstrated significant potential and were nearing market release.

Conclusions:

  • Drug-eluting stents represent a major advancement in managing in-stent restenosis after coronary angioplasty.
  • The success of rapamycin and taxol highlights the effectiveness of targeted antiproliferative therapy delivered via stents.