Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making
Published on: March 2, 2011
Does financial self-efficacy explain gender differences in retirement saving strategies?
Bernadette E Dietz1, Mark Carrozza, P Neal Ritchey
1University of Cincinnati-Clermont College, 4200 Clermont College Dr., Batavia, OH 45103, USA. Bernadette.Dietz@uc.edu
Abstract:
Research indicates that women remain less financially prepared for retirement than are men. Little research has examined the gender difference in use of retirement plans. The present research assessed the gender difference in use of employer-sponsored and private retirement plans, and sought to account for this difference. Social status and human capital factors, occupation and industry of employment, and sense of financial self-efficacy were expected to account for gender differences. Findings indicated gender has no relationship with use of private retirement plans. However, females were found to be less likely to use an employer-sponsored plan, and this was largely accounted for by gender differences in occupation.
Related Concept Videos
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development
Sources of Self-Esteem II: Performance Feedback
Self-Efficacy
Self-Serving Bias
Equity Theory

