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Perinatally acquired tuberculosis in a neonate. a case report
M S Hammoud1, S O Maiyegun, F M Al Saban
1Neonatal Department, Al Sabah Maternity Hospital, Kuwait. m.hammoud@hsc.kuniv.edu.kw
Summary
Perinatal tuberculosis occurred in a preterm infant on day 21 of life. Early diagnosis and treatment with antituberculous drugs led to a full recovery for both infant and mother.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Pediatric Pulmonology
Background:
- Perinatal tuberculosis is a rare but serious condition.
- Maternal tuberculosis poses a risk of transmission to the neonate.
- Early identification and management are crucial for favorable outcomes.
Observation:
- A preterm male infant born at 33 weeks gestational age developed cyanosis and bradycardia on day 21 of life.
- Initial chest radiograph showed infiltrates, and cultures were negative, but tracheal aspirate revealed Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- The mother was diagnosed with active tuberculosis.
Findings:
- The infant was diagnosed with perinatal tuberculosis, likely acquired during delivery.
- Both infant and mother received a combination of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and pyridoxine.
- Both patients demonstrated a positive clinical response to the antituberculous treatment.
Implications:
- This case highlights the importance of considering tuberculosis in neonates presenting with respiratory distress and systemic symptoms.
- Prompt diagnosis and appropriate antituberculous therapy are essential for successful management of perinatal tuberculosis.
- Effective treatment can lead to complete recovery in both affected infants and mothers.