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Updated: Aug 29, 2026

Intrathecal Application of a Fluorescent Dye for the Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Cochlear Malformation
Published on: February 29, 2020
Nasal cerebrospinal fluid leaks: critical review and surgical considerations
Rodney J Schlosser1, William E Bolger
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 135 Rutledge Ave, Suite 1130, PO Box 250550, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. schlossr@musc.edu
Abstract:
Otolaryngologists have assumed a major role in the evaluation and management of anterior skull base defects that result in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks and meningoencephaloceles. To achieve the best possible results for patients with CSF leaks, a thorough understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and a critical analysis of management principles and treatment options is essential. Surgical and medical management of these patients is highly individualized and depends on a number of factors, including etiology, anatomic site, patient age, and underlying intracranial pressure. This review article will highlight the history, physiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, surgical techniques, and postoperative care relevant to nasal CSF leaks and encephaloceles.
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