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Related Experiment Videos

Fever without apparent source on clinical examination.

Paul L McCarthy1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Yale Univeristy School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. Paul.McCarthy@yale.edu

Current Opinion in Pediatrics
|February 6, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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Fever in children, both acute and prolonged, is common. Recent literature highlights epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of bacteremic illness, including *Streptococcus pneumoniae* infections.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Fever episodes are frequent in children, with prolonged fever presenting diagnostic challenges.
  • Understanding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of febrile illnesses is crucial for pediatric care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent literature on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical and laboratory evaluation, and treatment of acute and prolonged fever episodes in children.
  • To synthesize current knowledge on bacteremic illness in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies focusing on pediatric fever.
  • Analysis of research concerning bacteremia, including causative agents like *Streptococcus pneumoniae* and *Salmonella* species.
  • Examination of diagnostic techniques and therapeutic strategies for febrile conditions.

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Main Results:

  • Epidemiology of bacteremia in children across various countries was examined, with attention to host susceptibility factors like malnutrition.
  • Diagnostic methods, including venipuncture and urine antigen testing, were evaluated.
  • Preventive strategies, such as immunization against *Streptococcus pneumoniae*, and treatment approaches for specific bacteremic diseases were reported.
  • Causes of prolonged fever, including hemophagocytic syndrome and atypical cat scratch disease, were identified.

Conclusions:

  • Recent studies have broadly addressed acute and prolonged fever episodes in children.
  • A significant focus was placed on the epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of bacteremic illnesses in pediatric patients.