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Thyroid cancer in Yemen.

Yasser A Abdulmughni1, Mohammed A Al-Hureibi, Khalid A Al-Hureibi

  • 1Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen. yabdulmughni@yahoo.co.uk

Saudi Medical Journal
|February 6, 2004
PubMed
Summary

This study analyzed thyroid cancer (TC) patient characteristics in Yemen, finding papillary carcinoma to be the most common type, predominantly affecting females. Improved diagnostic expertise and aggressive surgical management are recommended for TC.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Thyroid cancer (TC) represents a significant health concern globally.
  • Understanding the demographic, diagnostic, and treatment characteristics of TC patients is crucial for effective management and public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the demographic distribution, histological variants, presentation modes, and diagnostic and treatment modalities of thyroid cancer patients.
  • To identify specific patient groups with a higher prevalence of thyroid cancer within the goiter population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective audit of 97 histologically confirmed thyroid cancer cases.
  • Data collected from Kuwait University Hospital, Sana'a, Yemen, between 1997 and 2001.
  • Analysis included patient demographics, clinical findings, histopathology, diagnostic methods, and treatment procedures.

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Main Results:

  • Thyroid cancer constituted 17.7% of goiter admissions; 89.7% of TC patients were female, with an average age of 38.4 years.
  • Papillary carcinoma was the predominant histological type (93.8%), with a papillary/follicular ratio of 22:1.
  • Multinodular swelling and hoarseness were common clinical findings; subtotal thyroidectomy was the most frequent treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Papillary carcinoma is the dominant histological variant of thyroid cancer in this Yemeni cohort.
  • The study suggests a potential impact of salt iodization programs on thyroid malignancy incidence and the papillary/follicular ratio.
  • Enhanced expertise in fine needle aspiration and ultrasonography, alongside aggressive surgical management, is recommended; a national cancer registry is needed for Yemen.