Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Elements of design: the knowledge on which we build.

A P MacGowan1

  • 1Bristol Centre for Antimicrobial Research & Evaluation, University of Bristol and North Bristol NHS Trust, Department of Medical Microbiology, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK. alasdair.macgowan@north-bristol.swest.nhs.uk

Clinical Microbiology and Infection : the Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
|February 5, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Achieving optimal antibiotic exposure time above the minimum inhibitory concentration (T > MIC) is crucial for bacterial eradication and preventing resistance. This pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target maximizes efficacy for penicillin and amoxicillin treatments.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Exploring the opportunity for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and precision dose antimicrobials in an outpatient antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) service: a prospective observational study.

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy·2026
Same author

Pharmacodynamics of taniborbactam in combination with cefepime studied in an in vitro model of infection.

International journal of antimicrobial agents·2024
Same author

Comment on: The case for 'conservative pharmacotherapy'.

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy·2021
Same author

The pharmacodynamics of minocycline alone and in combination with rifampicin against Staphylococcus aureus studied in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model of infection.

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy·2021
Same author

In vitro pharmacodynamics of omadacycline against Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii.

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy·2020
Same author

Pharmacodynamics of aztreonam against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella oxytoca: defining pharmacodynamic targets.

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy·2019

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Antibiotic efficacy and resistance are influenced by drug concentration over time.
  • The time above the minimum inhibitory concentration (T > MIC) is a key pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of T > MIC on the efficacy of penicillin and amoxicillin.
  • To determine the PK/PD target for optimal antibacterial effect against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.
  • To investigate the relationship between T > MIC and the emergence/selection of antibiotic resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of animal and in-vitro studies.
  • Analysis of pharmacokinetic data for amoxicillin with or without clavulanate.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Monte Carlo simulations to predict efficacy of dosing regimens.

    • Main Results:

    • A T > MIC of > 40-50% maximizes antibacterial effect and pathogen eradication.
    • Host immune status affects T > MIC, but bacterial factors do not.
    • Low T > MIC (< 20%) is linked to amoxicillin/clavulanate resistance emergence in S. pneumoniae.

    Conclusions:

    • Optimizing T > MIC is essential for effective antibiotic therapy and resistance prevention.
    • Monte Carlo simulations are valuable for predicting amoxicillin efficacy across diverse patient and pathogen populations.
    • Understanding PK/PD targets is critical for guiding antibiotic dosing strategies.