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Musculoskeletal disorders: primary and secondary interventions
1Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9044, USA. robert.gatchel@utsouthwestern.edu
Summary
Musculoskeletal disorders are a leading cause of work disability in the US, costing billions annually. This review examines current interventions and the biopsychosocial model for effective, cost-efficient care.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Rehabilitation Medicine
- Health Services Research
Background:
- Musculoskeletal trauma diagnosis and care cost billions annually in the US.
- Occupational musculoskeletal disorders are the leading cause of work disability.
- Increasing healthcare costs and policy changes necessitate cost-effective, validated treatments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current primary and secondary interventions for musculoskeletal disorders.
- To provide a brief discussion of the biopsychosocial model of pain and disability.
- To address the need for efficient and effective musculoskeletal care.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of primary and secondary interventions.
- Discussion of the biopsychosocial model as a heuristic approach.
- Focus on cost-effectiveness and treatment validation.
Main Results:
- Musculoskeletal disorders represent a significant and growing economic burden.
- Occupational musculoskeletal disorders are a primary driver of work disability.
- There is a critical need for evidence-based, cost-effective interventions.
Conclusions:
- Treatment-outcome monitoring is crucial for musculoskeletal care.
- The biopsychosocial model offers a valuable framework for intervention.
- Efficient and effective management of musculoskeletal disorders is a priority.