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Hepatitis A in Swedish travellers.

E Nordenfelt1

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Lund, Sweden.

Vaccine
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis A infection rates in Sweden are low and declining. However, travelers to Europe, Asia, and Africa face a significant risk of infection, especially without immune globulin prophylaxis.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection incidence in Sweden has notably decreased.
  • Antibody prevalence for HAV is 6.6% in individuals under 40 and 1% in those under 20.
  • Reported HAV cases declined from 628 in 1985 to approximately 250 annually in recent years.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the risk of hepatitis A infection among travelers from Sweden.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of immune globulin prophylaxis in preventing hepatitis A.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of reported hepatitis A cases and travel statistics in Sweden.
  • Calculation of risk ratios for travelers based on destination and immune globulin use.
  • Estimation of immune globulin usage trends.

Main Results:

  • The number of reported hepatitis A cases has fallen significantly, with attack rates decreasing from 7.3 to 3 per 100,000 inhabitants.
  • Approximately 140 travel-associated hepatitis A cases occur annually, with one-third linked to travel in Europe or Asia.
  • Risk ratios for unvaccinated travelers were exceptionally high for the Mediterranean Europe (>50,000), Africa (~100), and Asia (~300).

Conclusions:

  • Despite low national incidence, Swedish travelers face substantial hepatitis A risk, particularly to specific regions.
  • Declining use of immune globulin prophylaxis may increase traveler-acquired infections.
  • Targeted vaccination or prophylaxis strategies are crucial for travelers to high-risk areas.

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