Cognitive disorders: diagnosis and treatment

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Neuroscience
• Public Health

Background:

• Medical advancements have increased global life expectancy.
• Age-related cognitive disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and vascular cognitive impairment, are a growing public health concern, particularly for individuals over 65.
• These conditions necessitate advanced diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate neurophysiological differences between patients with cognitive disorders and a general patient group.
• To identify key biomarkers for diagnosing and treating cognitive diseases.
• To emphasize the role of neurotransmitter equilibrium in cognitive function.

Main Methods:

• Study included 120 adults with diverse cognitive disorders.
• Comparative statistical analysis was conducted between patient and control groups.
• Neurophysiological examinations included acoustically evoked potentials, P300, brain electrical activity mapping (resting and stimulated states), and Doppler ultrasonography (extracranial and transcranial).

Main Results:

• Significant differences were observed between the cognitive disorder group and the general patient group across various neurophysiological tests.
• These findings underscore the distinct neurological profiles associated with cognitive impairment.
• The study identified specific neurophysiological markers indicative of cognitive decline.

Conclusions:

• Neurotransmitter balance (e.g., dopamine, acetylcholine, GABA) in cerebral cortex areas is crucial for cognitive function.
• These neurotransmitter systems are essential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of cognitive disorders.
• The study highlights the importance of a comprehensive neurophysiological assessment for understanding and managing cognitive diseases.