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Related Experiment Videos

Multiple-aquifer characterization from single borehole extensometer records.

Jason P Pope1, Thomas J Burbey

  • 1USGS Water Resources Division, Richmond, Virginia, USA.

Ground Water
|February 7, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Aquifer compaction in Virginia is linked to groundwater withdrawals. Analysis reveals compaction is due to consolidation of fine-grained units and aquifer expansion, providing key data for groundwater management.

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Area of Science:

  • Geosciences
  • Hydrogeology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Aquifer-system compaction measurement aids in characterizing aquifer properties, especially when flow modeling is insufficient.
  • Land subsidence is a significant issue in coastal environments, necessitating accurate property assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure and analyze aquifer-system compaction in the southeastern coastal plain of Virginia.
  • To correlate compaction rates with groundwater withdrawals and quantify aquifer and confining unit properties.

Main Methods:

  • High-sensitivity borehole pipe extensometers were used for precise compaction measurements.
  • One-dimensional vertical compaction modeling was employed to interpret the data.
  • Parameter values for specific storage and vertical hydraulic conductivity were calibrated.

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Main Results:

  • Total compaction of 24.2 mm (Franklin) and 50.2 mm (Suffolk) was recorded between 1979-1995 and 1982-1995, respectively.
  • Compaction rates correlated with groundwater withdrawals from confined aquifers.
  • Nonrecoverable compaction primarily affects confining units, while aquifer units exhibit both recoverable and nonrecoverable compaction.

Conclusions:

  • Compaction is driven by hydrodynamic consolidation of fine-grained units and recoverable compaction/expansion of aquifer units.
  • Specific storage values vary with depth and unit type, ranging from 1.5 x 10(-5)/m to 1.5 x 10(-4)/m for nonrecoverable storage.
  • Calibrated hydraulic conductivity values for confining units range from 6.6 x 10(-4) m/year to 2.0 x 10(-3) m/year, valuable for future groundwater management.