A model for the salt effect on adsorption equilibrium of basic protein to dye-ligand affinity adsorbent

A model describing the salt effect on adsorption equilibrium of a basic protein, lysozyme, to Cibacron Blue 3GA-modified Sepharose CL-6B (CB-Sepharose) has been developed. In this model, it is assumed that the presence of salt causes a fraction of dye-ligand molecules to lodge to the surface of the agarose gel, resulting from the induced strong hydrophobic interaction between dye ligand and agarose matrix. The salt effect on the lodging of dye-ligand is expressed by the equilibrium between salt and dye-ligand. For the interactions between protein and vacant binding sites, stoichiometric equations based either on cation exchanges or on hydrophobic interactions are proposed since the CB dye can be regarded as a cation exchanger contributed by the sulfonate groups on it. Combining with the basic concept of steric mass-action theory for ion exchange, which considers both the multipoint nature and the macromolecular steric shielding of protein adsorption, an explicit isotherm for protein adsorption equilibrium on the dye-ligand adsorbent is formulated, involving salt concentration as a variable. Analysis of the model parameters has yielded better understanding of the mechanism of salt effects on adsorption of the basic protein. Moreover, the model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data over a wide range of salt and ligand concentrations, indicating the predictive nature of the model.