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Urinary incontinence in the elderly: relation to cognitive and motor function.

Ludovico Coppola1, Francescosaverio Caserta, Antonio Grassia

  • 1Department of Geriatric Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, II University of Naples, Policlinico Universitario, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy. ludovicocoppola@unina2.it

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics
|February 7, 2004
PubMed
Summary

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Urinary incontinence affects nearly half of older adults, with urge incontinence being most common in women and mixed in men. Cognitive and gait functions are key predictors of incontinence in elderly individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Urology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Urinary incontinence (UI) is prevalent in the elderly, often misconstrued as a normal aging consequence.
  • Understanding UI incidence and contributing factors in older populations is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the incidence and types of urinary incontinence in a population of older adults.
  • To identify factors associated with urinary incontinence in aged subjects.

Main Methods:

  • A study involving 520 subjects (208 males, 312 females; mean age 74.8 years) from community and nursing home settings.
  • Assessment included structured questionnaires, a 7-day voiding diary, and validated functional scales (MMSE, IADL, Tinetti, GDS).

Main Results:

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  • Overall UI incidence was 47.9%. Urge incontinence was most common (29.8%), followed by mixed (11.5%) and stress (6.5%).
  • Age showed varied correlations: direct with urge incontinence and inverse with stress incontinence in females; direct with mixed incontinence in males.
  • Cognitive function (MMSE) predicted UI in males, while gait function (Tinetti Scale) predicted UI in females.

Conclusions:

  • Urinary incontinence is a significant issue in the elderly, not an inevitable part of aging.
  • Specific functional impairments, such as cognitive decline and gait instability, are linked to incontinence in older men and women, respectively.