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Human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy: a primary care perspective
Toyin Olatinwo1, Ross G Hewitt, Rocco C Venuto
1Division of General Medicine, School of Medicine, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA.
Archives of Internal Medicine
|February 11, 2004
Summary
Screening for HIV-associated nephropathy is crucial, especially in African Americans and those with a family history of kidney disease. Semiannual proteinuria screening and a clear evaluation algorithm are proposed for early detection and management.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has improved human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care, but HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) persists in at-risk groups.
- Current guidelines lack recommendations for screening HIV-positive individuals for HIVAN.
- Early detection of HIVAN is critical for preventing progressive renal disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose a screening strategy for HIV-associated nephropathy in high-risk HIV-positive populations.
- To establish an evaluation algorithm for patients identified with potential HIVAN.
- To address the gap in current clinical recommendations for HIVAN screening.
Main Methods:
- Proposed semiannual screening for proteinuria.
- Targeted screening in HIV-positive African Americans and individuals with a family history of renal disease.
- Development of a diagnostic and evaluation algorithm for suspected HIVAN.
Main Results:
- The study identifies specific populations at higher risk for HIVAN.
- A practical screening and evaluation protocol is outlined.
- The proposed method aims to facilitate earlier diagnosis of HIVAN.
Conclusions:
- Semiannual proteinuria screening is recommended for at-risk HIV-positive patients.
- An evaluation algorithm can guide the diagnostic process for HIVAN.
- Implementing this screening strategy may improve outcomes for HIVAN patients.