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[The nucleolus: structure, functions, amd associated diseases].

Danièle Hernandez-Verdun1, Emilie Louvet

  • 1Institut Jacques Monod, Cnrs, Université Paris VI et Paris VII, 2, place Jussieu, 75251 Paris 05, France. dhernand@ccr.jussieu.fr

Medecine Sciences : M/S
|February 11, 2004
PubMed
Summary

The nucleolus is essential for ribosome production in eukaryotic cells, regulating cell growth and proliferation. It is rebuilt early after mitosis and plays roles in nuclear organization, with defects linked to human diseases.

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Sharing of mitotic pre-ribosomal particles between daughter cells.

Journal of cell science·2016

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Context:

  • The nucleolus is a dynamic nuclear substructure crucial for ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotic cells.
  • Its function is tightly regulated, balancing ribosomal gene transcription, rRNA processing, and ribosomal subunit export.
  • Ribosome production is linked to cell growth and proliferation, ceasing during mitosis but with nucleolar components being inherited and rapidly reassembled.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate the multifaceted roles of the nucleolus in eukaryotic cells.
  • To highlight the regulatory mechanisms governing ribosome production and its connection to cell cycle progression.
  • To underscore the nucleolus's involvement in nuclear architecture and its implications in human diseases.

Summary:

  • The nucleolus functions as the primary site of ribosome biogenesis, a complex process dependent on coordinated gene transcription, rRNA processing, and subunit transport.

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  • This vital organelle's activity is intrinsically linked to cell growth and proliferation, with its assembly and disassembly tightly controlled during the cell cycle, particularly around mitosis.
  • Beyond ribosome production, the nucleolus contributes to nuclear organization and interacts with other nuclear bodies, and its dysfunction is implicated in various human pathologies.

    • Impact:

    • Provides a comprehensive overview of nucleolar functions, essential for understanding fundamental cellular processes.
    • Highlights the link between ribosome biogenesis, cell cycle regulation, and disease pathogenesis.
    • Establishes the nucleolus as a key player in nuclear architecture and cellular homeostasis, with implications for human health and disease research.