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Discovery of antibodies
M B Llewelyn1, R E Hawkins, S J Russell
1Medical Research Council Centre, Cambridge.
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)
|November 21, 1992
Summary
Passive immunization uses antibodies for disease prevention, overcoming early issues with human-derived antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies offer targeted pathogen elimination, though host rejection remains a challenge.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Biotechnology
Background:
- Passive immunization, utilized since the late 19th century, primarily served prophylactic purposes.
- Early passive immunotherapies faced limitations due to adverse reactions like anaphylaxis and serum sickness, stemming from non-human antibody sources.
Observation:
- Antibody synthesis involves gene segment recombination, enabling the production of diverse specific antibodies from a limited gene pool.
- The constant region of antibodies facilitates pathogen elimination by engaging effector systems such as killer lymphocytes, phagocytes, and complement.
Findings:
- Recombinant DNA technology allows for the generation of specific antibodies against a wide array of antigens.
- The development of monoclonal antibodies provides a powerful tool for directing host defense mechanisms against specific unwanted antigens.
Implications:
- Monoclonal antibodies represent a significant advancement in targeted immunotherapy.
- Further research is needed to address immunological challenges, such as preventing host immune responses against therapeutic monoclonal antibodies.