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Zygosity and umbilical cord length.

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University Medical Center, California.

The Journal of Reproductive Medicine

|October 1, 1992

Summary

Identical twins, especially monochorionic twins, show remarkably similar umbilical cord lengths. This suggests a genetic influence on umbilical cord length, contrasting with dichorionic twins who exhibit wider variations.

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Area of Science:

Reproductive Biology
Genetics
Obstetrics

Background:

Umbilical cord length is a crucial factor in fetal development and pregnancy outcomes.
Variations in cord length can be associated with complications such as fetal growth restriction and cord accidents.
Understanding factors influencing cord length, including genetic and placental factors, is important for perinatal care.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate and compare umbilical cord length differences in various twin types.
To explore the potential genetic influence on umbilical cord length variation.
To determine if chorionicity and zygosity impact cord length concordance.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of umbilical cord length differences in weight-concordant twin pairs.
Study included monochorionic twins, same-sex dichorionic twins, and different-sex dichorionic twins.
Statistical comparison of cord length ranges and means across different twin groups.

Main Results:

Monochorionic twins exhibited a narrow range of cord length differences (0-5 cm; mean 2.1 cm).
Dichorionic twins (same-sex and different-sex) showed significantly wider ranges (0-34 cm; means 7.7 cm and 11.0 cm, respectively).
No identical same-sex dichorionic twins with cord length differences >5 cm were found; discordant monochorionic twins had greater differences.

Conclusions:

The consistent similarity in cord lengths among concordant identical twins strongly supports a genetic component influencing umbilical cord length.
Chorionicity appears to play a significant role, with monochorionic twins showing greater cord length concordance.
Further research into the genetic and epigenetic factors governing umbilical cord development is warranted.

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