[Histological structure of the testes in andropause]

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Endocrinology
• Andrology
• Histopathology

Background:

• Andropause, or late-onset hypogonadism, is characterized by declining testosterone levels and various symptoms.
• Testicular function, including spermatogenesis and Leydig cell activity, may be affected during andropause.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the histological changes in testicular structures (convoluted tubuli, Leydig cells) and spermatogenesis in men with andropause.
• To analyze these changes in relation to the intensity of andropause symptoms and hormonal levels (FSH, LH).

Main Methods:

• Histopathological analysis of testicular biopsies from men with andropause and a control group with post-inflammatory azoospermia.
• Quantification of normal convoluted tubuli, spermatogenesis, and Leydig cell number.
• Measurement of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) levels.

Main Results:

• A significant decrease in normal convoluted tubuli percentage and spermatogenesis was observed in andropause compared to controls.
• No significant difference in Leydig cell number was found between andropause and control groups.
• Increased FSH and LH levels were noted in andropause, correlating with spermatogenesis inhibition, intensified symptoms, and Leydig cell number in severe cases.

Conclusions:

• Andropause is associated with significant testicular damage, affecting convoluted tubuli structure and spermatogenesis.
• Elevated FSH and LH levels in andropause are linked to symptom severity and specific testicular alterations, suggesting a complex hormonal interplay.
• Leydig cell number appears less affected than spermatogenesis and tubule structure in andropause.