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Related Experiment Videos

Complement activation during low-density lipoprotein apheresis.

A Tridon1, J B Palcoux, P Jouanel

  • 1Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CHRU Clermont-Ferrand, France.

Artificial Organs
|December 1, 1992
PubMed
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Lipid apheresis using Kaneka liposorbers may activate the complement system, leading to increased anaphylatoxin C3a levels. This extracorporeal circulation device poses a risk of complement activation and potential long-term side effects.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Familial homozygous hypercholesterolemia is a severe genetic disorder requiring intensive treatment.
  • Lipid apheresis is a treatment option for hypercholesterolemia, but its interaction with the immune system is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate complement system activation during lipid apheresis sessions in patients with familial homozygous hypercholesterolemia.
  • To assess the levels of complement components and byproducts in blood and within the extracorporeal circulation device.

Main Methods:

  • Two patients with familial homozygous hypercholesterolemia underwent apheresis using LA15 or LA40 (Kaneka liposorber).
  • Blood levels of C3c, C3a, and leukocyte counts were measured.
  • Plasma levels of C3c and C3a were analyzed within the extracorporeal circuit.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Sequential eluates from the LA40 device were collected and analyzed for complement fragments.

    • Main Results:

    • Anaphylatoxin C3a levels increased during apheresis, particularly with the LA40 device.
    • Nonnative complement fragments bearing C3a and C3d antigens were detected in eluates, suggesting in situ complement activation.
    • Despite trapping in the dextran column, C3a was present in efferent plasma.

    Conclusions:

    • Lipid apheresis, specifically with the Kaneka liposorber, can induce complement system activation.
    • This activation poses a potential risk during treatment and may lead to long-term side effects.
    • Further research is needed to mitigate complement activation during extracorporeal circulation procedures.