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Activation of MPF in fission yeast
J B Millar1, G Lenaers, C McGowan
1Department of Molecular, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.
Abstract:
In fission yeast p34cdc2/cyclin is activated at the G2/M boundary by dephosphorylation of Tyr15 of the p34cdc2 subunit. Two protein phosphatases carry out this dephosphorylation event. The major activity is encoded by cdc25, which is a distantly related member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family. A minor activity is provided by a newly identified fission yeast protein tyrosine phosphatase.
Insights
Two protein phosphatases, including the major cdc25 enzyme and a newly identified phosphatase, activate fission yeast cell division by dephosphorylating p34cdc2 at the G2/M transition.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Cell cycle progression is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinases.
- In fission yeast, p34cdc2/cyclin activity is critical for entry into mitosis.
- Activation of p34cdc2/cyclin at the G2/M boundary involves dephosphorylation of the Tyr15 residue on p34cdc2.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and characterize the protein phosphatases responsible for Tyr15 dephosphorylation of p34cdc2 in fission yeast.
- To elucidate the roles of different phosphatases in regulating the G2/M transition.
Main Methods:
- Biochemical assays to measure protein phosphatase activity.
- Genetic analysis of fission yeast mutants.
- Identification of novel phosphatase genes.
Main Results:
- Two distinct protein phosphatase activities were found to dephosphorylate Tyr15 of p34cdc2.
- The major activity is attributed to the cdc25 gene product, a protein tyrosine phosphatase.
- A novel fission yeast protein tyrosine phosphatase contributes a minor dephosphorylation activity.
Conclusions:
- Fission yeast utilizes at least two protein tyrosine phosphatases for the regulation of p34cdc2/cyclin activation at the G2/M boundary.
- Cdc25 is the primary phosphatase, with a newly identified phosphatase playing a secondary role in this critical cell cycle event.