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Energy metabolism during cold exposure.

A L Vallerand¹, I Jacobs

¹Environmental Physiology Section, Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine, North York, Ontario, Canada.

International Journal of Sports Medicine

|October 1, 1992

Summary

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Cold exposure enhances energy metabolism by increasing carbohydrate and lipid utilization for thermogenesis. This suggests potential pharmacological strategies to improve cold tolerance through metabolic manipulation.

Area of Science:

Physiology
Metabolic Science

Background:

Cold exposure significantly influences energy metabolism in both animals and humans.
While carbohydrate metabolism in cold has been studied, recent evidence suggests insulin-independent glucose uptake pathways activated by cold exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize recent advances in understanding cold exposure's effects on energy metabolism.
To highlight novel findings on insulin-like effects on glucose uptake and substrate utilization shifts during cold adaptation.

Main Methods:

Review of recent animal and human studies on cold exposure and metabolism.
Analysis of substrate utilization (carbohydrates vs. lipids) during cold exposure at rest.
Investigation of the sources of increased carbohydrate and lipid oxidation.

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Main Results:

Cold exposure shifts substrate utilization from lipids to carbohydrates, crucial for shivering thermogenesis.
Increased carbohydrate oxidation in cold-exposed humans involves both circulating glucose and intramuscular glycogen.
Cold-induced lipid oxidation is primarily fueled by fatty acids from white adipose tissue and intramuscular triglycerides.

Conclusions:

Cold exposure activates distinct metabolic pathways for thermogenesis, including insulin-independent glucose uptake.
Understanding these metabolic shifts offers potential for pharmacological interventions to enhance cold tolerance and thermogenesis.