Field care of the hypothermic patient

The world literature of sports medicine and mountain medicine has been much concerned with early recognition, emergency on-site care, and rescue transportation of the cold-injured patient. Considerable problems exist for the initial rescuer and first responder, particularly if that person is alone. Thoughts of initial approach and care, are presented, particularly for the first, often untrained in-field rescue responders. The site of rescue and field variables found at that site are presented. Methods in aiding field assessment of the state of hypothermia are listed, particularly the evaluation of signs and symptoms of the victim. Early care and avoidance of further heat loss is discussed. The consideration for the rescuer (and victim) is to 'think heat'. Basic principles of care are stated, particularly for care of the victim 'with no apparent signs of life'.