Daily coping with pain from rheumatoid arthritis: patterns and correlates

Seventy-five individuals with rheumatoid arthritis reported their pain coping, mood, and joint pain for 75 consecutive days. Pain coping strategies used most often were taking direct action to reduce the pain and using relaxation strategies; those used least often were expressing emotions about the pain and redefining the pain to make it more bearable. Several background characteristics, including gender, disability, neuroticism, and pain control perceptions predicted use of various coping strategies. Controlling for these characteristics, individuals who used relaxation more frequently as part of their daily coping repertoire had less daily pain during the course of the study, and those who reported more overall coping efforts were more likely to display declining levels of daily pain across time. Pain severity moderated the relations of seeking emotional support and use of distraction with daily mood. At low levels of pain, greater use of these strategies related to more positive mood but, at high levels of pain, related to less positive mood. Finally, individuals who reported a greater number of distinct forms of coping were more apt to enjoy improving daily mood over the course of the study. Findings are discussed in terms of the advantages of prospective daily research designs.