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Familial dyslipidaemic hypertension and other multiple metabolic syndromes

R R Williams1, P N Hopkins, S C Hunt

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City.

Annals of Medicine
|December 1, 1992
PubMed

Insights

Familial dyslipidaemic hypertension (FDH) links metabolic issues like high lipids and insulin resistance, increasing coronary disease risk. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to these complex familial conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Hypertension frequently co-occurs with metabolic abnormalities including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and obesity.
  • Familial dyslipidaemic hypertension (FDH) represents a subset of hypertension with a significantly elevated risk for premature coronary heart disease.
  • These metabolic derangements often aggregate within families, suggesting a strong genetic component.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize data on the clinical and biochemical characteristics of FDH.
  • To compare FDH with other related metabolic and cardiovascular conditions.
  • To explore the genetic and environmental underpinnings of familial hypertension and associated metabolic abnormalities.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of multiple genetic and clinical studies.
  • Comparative analysis of phenotypic and genotypic data across various metabolic syndromes.
  • Synthesis of evidence regarding familial aggregation and risk factors.

Main Results:

  • FDH is characterized by a distinct cluster of metabolic abnormalities, including lipid and insulin derangements, often with obesity.
  • FDH shares features with conditions such as Syndrome X, familial combined hyperlipidaemia, and dense LDL subfractions.
  • Evidence suggests both major gene effects in specific subsets and genetic heterogeneity in the broader group of familial metabolic hypertension.

Conclusions:

  • FDH is a significant risk factor for early coronary disease, driven by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors.
  • Understanding the heterogeneity of genetic contributions is crucial for targeted interventions.
  • Lifestyle factors like diet and physical activity play a significant role alongside genetic predispositions.

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