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Circulating lipids and minor abnormalities of thyroid function.

J V Parle1, J A Franklyn, K W Cross

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, UK.

Clinical Endocrinology
|November 1, 1992
PubMed
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Subclinical hyperthyroidism, characterized by low thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), significantly reduces total cholesterol levels. Subclinical hypothyroidism did not show a similar effect on fasting blood lipids in older adults.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Clinical Chemistry

Background:

  • Subclinical thyroid dysfunction, defined by abnormal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels with normal free thyroxine (T4), is prevalent in older adults.
  • The impact of these conditions on lipid profiles, crucial for cardiovascular risk assessment, requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between subclinical hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism and fasting blood lipid concentrations.
  • To determine if thyroid hormone imbalances, even when subclinical, influence lipid metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study involving patients over 60 years identified with persistently low TSH (subclinical hyperthyroidism) or high TSH (subclinical hypothyroidism).
  • Patients were matched with controls having normal TSH by age, sex, and body mass index.

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  • Fasting serum levels of TSH, free T4, free T3, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol were measured.

    • Main Results:

    • Individuals with subclinical hyperthyroidism exhibited significantly higher free T4 levels compared to controls.
    • A notable 12.2% reduction in serum total cholesterol was observed in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism (P < 0.01).
    • No significant differences in fasting lipid levels were found between patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and their matched controls.

    Conclusions:

    • Abnormal TSH levels in subclinical thyroid dysfunction appear to directly reflect thyroid hormone excess or deficiency.
    • The observed reduction in cholesterol in subclinical hyperthyroidism suggests a direct influence of excess thyroid hormone on lipid metabolism.