[Nutrition and blood lipid profile in adolescents during socioeconomic reforms in Russia: epidemiological study]

Aim of study was to assess trends in lipid profile and nutrition of adolescent population in Novosibirsk during the social and economic reforms in Russia (1989-1999). Three cross-sectional studies of school aged 14-17 in 1989 (657), in 1994 (620) and in 1999 (626) were carried out. Total sample was 1903 (914 males and 989 females). Blood lipids, such as total cholesterol (TC0, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), were measured. Diet was estimated with the method of 24-hour dietary recall. During 10-year period mean serum TC decreased from 175 to 158 mg/dl in males and from 191 to 175 mg/dl in females (p < 0.001 for both genders). Females had significantly higher mean NC than did males at all surveys (p < 0.001)/Between 1989 and 1994 mean HDL-C levels decreased in boys both (p < 0.001), but in 1999 these levels were similar to 1989. During 1989-1994, TG levels significantly decreased, but between 1994 and 1999 mean TG levels increased in 1.5 times in both gender groups. Prevalence of high TC (> = 2000 mg/dl) significantly decreased from 17% to 6% in males and from 28% to 14% in females. Frequencies of low HDL-C (> = 40 mg/dl) also decreased in boys (from 28 to 8%) and girls (from 13 to 3%). Trends in diet showed similar changes and characterized by significant decreasing of total energy intakes (from 3021 to 2342 kcal in boys and from 2300 to 1644 kcal in girls) and of basic nutrient intakes (proteins? Fats? Carbohydrates). Negative trends in blood lipid profile and diet in adolescents during the unstable period of socioeconomic reforms in Russia indicate on serious changes in metabolic processes and need in large state economic programs to improve the situation.