Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 18, 2026

Surgical Technique for Spinal Cord Delivery of Therapies: Demonstration of Procedure in Gottingen Minipigs
Published on: December 7, 2012
Spinal cord effects of drugs used in anaesthesia
1Department of Anaesthesia, University of Leeds, England.
Abstract:
1. Measurement of nociceptive thresholds at two skin sites in rats with chronic intrathecal catheters has allowed study of drug actions demonstrated to be at spinal level. 2. Using this preparation we have demonstrated segmental antinociceptive effects following intrathecal administration of agonists selective for benzodiazepine receptors, mu, kappa and delta opioid receptors, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors and alpha adrenoceptors. 3. Such effects were dose related and were suppressed by appropriate selective antagonists. 4. Antagonist dose-response curves have been constructed for suppression of antinociceptive effects of various agonists. This has revealed complex interactions between spinal systems; for example midazolam produces its actions by activating an opioid system involving delta receptors.
Related Concept Videos
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects
Unlike...
Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
General Anesthesia: Overview
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

