Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant01:25

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant

In patients with renal disease, dosage adjustments are necessary to maintain therapeutic plasma drug concentrations and prevent toxicity or subtherapeutic exposure. Renal impairment alters drug pharmacokinetics, especially in conditions like uremia, where changes such as prolonged elimination half-life and altered apparent volume of distribution can significantly affect drug disposition. These changes require careful modification of the dosing regimen to achieve the desired clinical...
Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

How to… Organize Rotational Training Schemes in Medicine.

Medical teacher·2014
Same author

Acute Renal Failure Complicating a Reticulosis.

British medical journal·2010
Same author

DISCUSSION ON THE CLINICAL ASPECTS, TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS OF NEPHRITIS.

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine·2009
Same author

DISCUSSION ON CLIMACTERIC ARTHRITIS.

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine·2009
Same author

Diathesis in Relation to Rheumatism.

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine·2009
Same author

Long-term follow-up of patients presenting to adult nephrologists with chronic pyelonephritis and 'normal' renal function.

QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians·2000

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability
09:23

Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability

Published on: June 21, 2015

Aluminium intoxication in renal disease.

D N Kerr1, M K Ward, H A Ellis

  • 1Department of Medicine, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, UK.

Ciba Foundation Symposium
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Aluminium overload in renal failure can cause multi-system illness, affecting the brain and bones. Evidence suggests low-level aluminium exposure may lead to gradual cognitive decline, resembling dialysis encephalopathy.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Toxicology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Aluminium intoxication in renal failure presents in acute (weeks/months) and chronic (years) forms.
  • Sources include contaminated dialysis fluids, parenteral solutions, and oral phosphate binders.
  • Intoxication affects multiple organ systems, including the brain, bones, parathyroid glands, heart, and lymphocytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on the long-term effects of low-level aluminium overload in renal failure.
  • To investigate potential gradual cerebral function deterioration.
  • To determine if this deterioration resembles Alzheimer's disease or dialysis encephalopathy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and clinical evidence on aluminium toxicity in renal failure patients.

More Related Videos

Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube
06:12

Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube

Published on: April 28, 2020

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
07:45

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis

Published on: February 9, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability
09:23

Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability

Published on: June 21, 2015

Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube
06:12

Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube

Published on: April 28, 2020

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
07:45

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis

Published on: February 9, 2021

  • Analysis of symptoms and progression in cases of subacute and slow aluminium poisoning.
  • Comparison of neurological and systemic manifestations.

    • Main Results:

    • Aluminium intoxication can manifest as encephalopathy, bone disease, parathyroid suppression, anemia, and potential cardiac/lymphocyte damage.
    • Slow aluminium poisoning primarily affects bones but can co-occur with encephalopathy.
    • Evidence suggests low-level aluminium overload in renal failure patients causes gradual cerebral function decline.

    Conclusions:

    • Low-level aluminium overload in renal failure likely leads to progressive cerebral dysfunction.
    • This cognitive decline may resemble a slow-onset form of dialysis encephalopathy rather than Alzheimer's disease.