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Respiratory instability during sleep onset.

J Trinder1, F Whitworth, A Kay

  • 1Department of Psychology, School of Behavioural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|December 1, 1992
PubMed
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Respiratory instability during sleep onset is linked to arousal state fluctuations. Ventilation changes depend on transitions between alpha and theta states, influenced by metabolic drive.

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Sleep Science
  • Respiratory Control

Background:

  • Respiratory control is hypothesized to be state-dependent.
  • Respiratory instability during sleep onset may stem from arousal state fluctuations.
  • Previous studies lacked data during sleep onset itself.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess ventilation and gas tension changes during sleep onset.
  • To investigate the relationship between arousal state and respiratory instability.
  • To clarify the mechanisms underlying respiratory changes during sleep transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-one subjects underwent assessment over multiple sleep onsets.
  • Respiratory parameters (tidal volume, minute ventilation, rate) and gas tensions (end-tidal CO2, O2) were measured breath-by-breath.

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  • Arousal state was classified as alpha, theta, body movement, or stage 2 sleep.

    • Main Results:

    • Respiratory instability resulted from between-state and within-state effects.
    • Transitions between alpha and theta states altered ventilation, influenced by metabolic drive.
    • Ventilation changes within states (alpha: fall, theta: increase) were linked to relative hyper/hypoventilation and metabolic drive.

    Conclusions:

    • Respiratory instability during sleep onset is a dynamic process influenced by arousal state.
    • Both state transitions and ongoing state characteristics affect ventilation.
    • Metabolic drive plays a crucial role in modulating respiratory responses to arousal state changes.