Fat embolism syndrome in a child with muscular dystrophy

Fat embolism syndrome is a relatively common complication of orthopedic trauma. Once thought to be rare in children, it probably occurs with a similar frequency as in adults, but is often subclinical. Clinically apparent fat embolism syndrome may exhibit neurologic, pulmonary, and cutaneous manifestations. It often resolves without sequelae if it is recognized promptly and supportive treatment is provided. We present a pediatric case of fat embolism syndrome and review the literature on its diagnosis and management in children.