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Human milk in disease: lipid composition.

M Hamosh1, J Bitman

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20007.

Lipids
|November 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Maternal diseases alter human milk fat composition, affecting fatty acids and lipid classes. These changes are observed in conditions like diabetes, cystic fibrosis, and lipid metabolism disorders.

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Biochemistry
  • Human Lactation Studies

Background:

  • Maternal diseases can significantly impact the lipid profile of human milk.
  • Previous studies indicate alterations in fatty acid composition and lipid classes in milk from mothers with specific metabolic conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize findings on human milk lipid composition variations in the context of maternal diseases.
  • To highlight the impact of conditions like diabetes, cystic fibrosis, and dyslipidemias on milk fat quality and quantity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies examining human milk lipid composition.
  • Analysis of reported changes in fatty acid profiles, desaturation, and lipid classes.

Main Results:

  • Diabetes and cystic fibrosis are associated with increased fatty acid chain elongation and altered desaturation (e.g., delta-6 desaturase).

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  • Hypobetalipoproteinemia and Type I hyperlipoproteinemia show compensatory increases in medium-chain fatty acids.
  • Infant conditions like breast milk jaundice and eczema may correlate with changes in maternal milk polyunsaturated fatty acids.

    • Conclusions:

    • Maternal metabolic health and specific diseases demonstrably alter human milk lipid composition.
    • Understanding these alterations is crucial for infant nutrition, particularly for vulnerable infants.
    • Further research with larger cohorts is warranted to confirm these findings.