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Related Experiment Videos

Normal childhood developmental patterns in skull bone marrow by MR imaging.

T M Simonson1, S C Kao

  • 1Department of Radiology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242.

Pediatric Radiology
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

This study maps pediatric skull bone marrow development using MR imaging, revealing a predictable red-to-yellow marrow conversion pattern before sinus pneumatization. These findings provide essential normative data for diagnosing immature skull conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Radiology
  • Neuroimaging
  • Skeletal Development

Background:

  • Understanding bone marrow changes in children is crucial for interpreting MR imaging findings.
  • Normal developmental patterns of skull bone marrow are not well-established.
  • MR imaging offers detailed insights into bone marrow composition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish normative data for skull bone marrow development in children using MR imaging.
  • To describe the pattern and timing of red-to-yellow marrow conversion in the pediatric skull.
  • To provide a reference for evaluating immature skulls in disease states.

Main Methods:

  • Review of sagittal T1-weighted MR skull images from 324 normal children (newborn to 18 years).
  • Classification of bone marrow intensity into four grades relative to muscle and fat.

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  • Spearman correlation analysis to assess the relationship between age and marrow intensity.

    • Main Results:

    • Bone marrow becomes isointense with fat (yellow marrow) at specific mean ages across different skull bones, ranging from 8.5 years (sphenoid) to 11.9 years (basiocciput).
    • A strong correlation exists between age and marrow intensity (p < 0.001) across various skull and cervical spine locations.
    • Red-yellow marrow conversion precedes paranasal sinus pneumatization, with facial bones converting before calvarial bones.

    Conclusions:

    • MR imaging demonstrates a predictable pattern of skull bone marrow conversion in children.
    • Normative data on marrow conversion timing are essential for accurate MR imaging interpretation in pediatric skull pathologies.
    • No significant sex differences were observed in the pattern or rate of marrow conversion.