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Origin of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in amniotic
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Prefectural Habikino Hospital, Japan.
Abstract:
A large amount of M-CSF and G-CSF exists in human amniotic fluid and both are considered to have some physiological affect on maintaining pregnancy. We therefore examined the source of M-CSF and G-CSF found in the amniotic fluid. The average level of M-CSF in the amniotic fluid of patients without complications was 17.3 +/- 8.5 ng/ml and that of G-CSF 1.85 +/- 1.72 ng/ml, both being high values. In neonatal urine, the average level of M-CSF was also very high, 144.3 +/- 97.0 ng/ml, but that of G-CSF was below the determination limit of 60 pg/ml. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that production of M-CSF and G-CSF was localized in the epithelial cells of fetal membrane. On the basis of the above observations, M-CSF was found to derive from neonatal urine and the epithelial cells of fetal membrane, and G-CSF from the epithelial cells of fetal membrane.
Insights
Colony-stimulating factors, including macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), are abundant in amniotic fluid. Their production originates from fetal membrane epithelial cells and neonatal urine for M-CSF.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Biology
- Immunology
- Developmental Biology
Background:
- Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) are present in high concentrations in human amniotic fluid.
- These factors are thought to play a role in maintaining pregnancy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the sources of M-CSF and G-CSF found in amniotic fluid.
- To determine the contribution of neonatal urine and fetal membranes to amniotic fluid cytokine levels.
Main Methods:
- Quantification of M-CSF and G-CSF levels in amniotic fluid and neonatal urine.
- Immunohistochemical staining of fetal membranes to identify cytokine production sites.
Main Results:
- Amniotic fluid showed high levels of M-CSF (17.3 ng/ml) and G-CSF (1.85 ng/ml).
- Neonatal urine contained very high M-CSF levels (144.3 ng/ml) but negligible G-CSF.
- Immunohistochemistry localized M-CSF and G-CSF production to fetal membrane epithelial cells.
Conclusions:
- M-CSF in amniotic fluid originates from both neonatal urine and fetal membrane epithelial cells.
- G-CSF in amniotic fluid is primarily produced by fetal membrane epithelial cells.
- These findings clarify the sources of key cytokines crucial for pregnancy maintenance.
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