Seizures of axial structures. Presumptive evidence for brain stem origin

Scattered reports, both clinical and experimental, have been accumulating in the past 20 years indicating that true seizures may, indeed, originate from the brain stem and its immediate connections. Four cases are reported that give further strong presumptive evidence that this is so. All the seizures were confined to axial structures (face, tongue, palate, pharynx, diaphragm, and abdomen), and in one case each seizure had an identical "Jacksonian march." The phenomena were documented by 16-mm motion pictures, brain stem signs, and electroencephalography. The EEG consisted of periods of burst activity followed by relative interictal electrocerebral silence.