Nephrotic syndrome in adults. A diagnostic and management challenge

The adult with nephrotic syndrome presents diagnostic and treatment challenges for the primary care physician. Early consultation with a nephrologist is advisable to assist in choosing between empirical therapy or renal biopsy to identify the specific causative lesion. Some patients respond to treatment of either the specific disorder or the underlying cause. All patients should be afforded specific therapy, where available, and nonspecific therapy to minimize the severity of the nephrosis and attenuate the incidence and severity of complications. Although the cause of most disorders resulting in nephrotic syndrome remains unclear, active research into the syndrome's pathogenesis and treatment options should prove fruitful.