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The canine olfactory subgenome.

Tsviya Olender1, Tania Fuchs, Chaim Linhart

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics and the Crown Human Genome Center, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.

Genomics
|February 14, 2004
PubMed
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Researchers identified 971 olfactory receptor (OR) genes in dogs, revealing a large, functional repertoire with unique subfamilies and more ancient ORs than humans or mice, aiding understanding of canine olfaction.

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Olfactory receptor research
  • Comparative genomics

Background:

  • Olfactory receptors (ORs) are crucial for detecting scents.
  • Understanding the OR repertoire provides insights into a species' chemosensory abilities.
  • Canine olfaction is highly developed, but its genetic basis is not fully characterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize the olfactory receptor gene repertoire in the dog genome.
  • To compare the canine OR repertoire with those of other mammals, including humans and mice.
  • To investigate the evolutionary aspects of the canine OR gene superfamily.

Main Methods:

  • Directed genomic DNA cloning of olfactory sequence tags.
  • Mining of canine genome sequences (Celera).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Bioinformatic analysis to identify and classify OR genes and subfamilies.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified 971 olfactory receptor (OR) genes, representing approximately 80% of the canine OR repertoire.
    • Estimated 12% pseudogenes in the dog OR subgenome, indicating a large functional repertoire.
    • Discovered 34 dog-unique OR gene subfamilies and a higher proportion (18%) of ancient "fish-like" Class I ORs compared to humans and mice.
    • Identified 122 dog-human-mouse ortholog triplets, with a notable fraction of Class I ORs.

    Conclusions:

    • The canine OR repertoire is extensive and possesses unique evolutionary features.
    • The high number of functional ORs and specific subfamilies may contribute to dogs' enhanced chemosensory perception.
    • This study provides a foundational understanding of the genetic basis of canine olfaction and its evolutionary context.