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Combined intravenous methotrexate and cyclophosphamide for refractory childhood lupus nephritis
T J A Lehman1, B S Edelheit, K B Onel
1Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, and Department of Paediatrics, Sanford Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA. goldscout@aol.com
Objective:
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining monthly intravenous methotrexate (IV MTX) with monthly IV cyclophosphamide (CYTX; given on the same day) for the treatment of children who develop recurrent diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus during or after the standard 3 year course of IV CYTX.
Methods:
Five children were treated with nine monthly doses of IV CYTX (750-1000 mg/m(2)/month) and IV MTX (50-300 mg/m(2)/month) given on the same day. Their clinical and laboratory measurements were collected every other week throughout the nine months.
Results:
All children improved dramatically. SLEDAI scores decreased from an average of 13.8 to 4.4, mean (SD) serum creatinine level fell from 100 (60) to 80 (40) micro mol/l, and serum albumin rose from 28 (11) g/l to 41 (6) g/l, while the mean (SD) C3 level increased from 0.5 (0.1) g/l to 0.9 (0.4) g/l. Clinical improvement persisted after 4 years' follow up despite discontinuing MTX and CYTX after 9 months. The average daily dose of corticosteroids has been reduced from 27.6 mg/day at the start of treatment to 12.5 mg/day at follow up.
Conclusion:
Combined IV MTX and IV CYTX treatment effectively controls recurrent or refractory lupus nephritis in children with significant disease activity after treatment with IV CYTX alone.
