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Multi-technique comparison of source and primary transfer soil samples: an experimental investigation
1Kenneth Pye Associates Ltd., Crowthorne Business Estate, Old Wokingham Road, Crowthorne, Berkshire RG45 6AW, United Kingdom.
Science & Justice : Journal of the Forensic Science Society
|February 18, 2004
Summary
Forensic soil comparison using multiple analytical techniques reveals significant differences in grain size between source and transferred samples. Other methods like color, isotope, and elemental analysis showed smaller variations, highlighting selectivity in soil transfer.
Area of Science:
- Forensic Science
- Geochemistry
- Materials Analysis
Background:
- Soil comparison is crucial in forensic investigations.
- Multiple analytical techniques are often required for robust forensic soil analysis.
- Understanding soil transfer mechanisms is key to interpreting forensic evidence.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of four analytical techniques for comparing soil samples.
- To assess differences between source soil and primary transfer soil samples.
- To determine the selectivity of the soil transfer process.
Main Methods:
- Spectro-photometric color determination
- Laser diffraction particle size analysis
- Stable isotope analysis (Carbon and Nitrogen)
- Chemical element analysis
Main Results:
- All four techniques demonstrated high precision and good discrimination between different soil types.
- Color, stable isotope ratios, and elemental chemistry showed minimal differences between source and transferred soils.
- Particle size analysis revealed slight but significant differences, indicating grain size selectivity during primary transfer.
Conclusions:
- Particle size analysis is a valuable technique for detecting selectivity in soil transfer.
- A combination of techniques provides comprehensive data for forensic soil comparison.
- The primary transfer of soil is influenced by particle size, affecting forensic interpretations.