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Related Experiment Videos

Sexual expression in container-grown jack pine seedlings.

W. H. Fogal1, S. M. Lopushanski, S. J. Coleman

  • 1Petawawa National Forestry Institute, Natural Resources Canada, Forestry Sector, Chalk River, Ontario K0J 1J0, Canada.

Tree Physiology
|July 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Drought and low nitrogen (3 mg/L) promote pollen cone production in jack pine seedlings. Gibberellin A(4/7) and adequate water enhance seed cone production in the first year, with low nitrogen also favoring seed cones in the second year.

Area of Science:

  • Forestry and Silviculture
  • Plant Physiology
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • Sexual expression in forest trees is crucial for regeneration and breeding.
  • Environmental factors like water availability, nutrients, and plant hormones significantly influence flowering in conifers.
  • Optimizing conditions for reproductive output in commercially important species like jack pine (Pinus banksiana L.) is of economic and ecological interest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the individual and interactive effects of nitrogen, drought, and gibberellin A(4/7) on the sexual reproductive expression of jack pine seedlings.
  • To determine how different growing media influence strobilus production in response to these treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Two- and three-year-old jack pine seedlings were subjected to treatments involving two irrigation regimes (well-watered vs. drought), two gibberellin A(4/7) applications (sprayed vs. unsprayed), three nitrogen levels (3, 100, 300 mg/L), and two growing media (peat/sand vs. peat/perlite).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Strobilus production (pollen and seed) was monitored over two years following the treatment application.
  • Statistical analysis was employed to assess the significance of each factor and their interactions on reproductive outcomes.

    • Main Results:

    • Drought stress significantly increased pollen strobilus production, while well-watered conditions favored seed strobilus production in the first year.
    • Gibberellin A(4/7) application promoted seed strobilus production in the first year but had no effect in the second year; it did not influence pollen strobilus production.
    • Low nitrogen supply (3 mg/L) resulted in the highest proportion of trees producing pollen strobili and, in the second year, also increased seed strobilus production compared to higher nitrogen levels. Growing medium did not affect pollen production but peat/sand slightly enhanced seed strobilus production in the year following treatment.

    Conclusions:

    • Nitrogen availability and water status are key regulators of sexual reproduction in young jack pine, with distinct effects on male and female strobilus initiation.
    • Gibberellin A(4/7) can be a useful tool for enhancing female reproductive effort in the short term.
    • Manipulating nitrogen and water regimes offers potential strategies for managing reproductive output in jack pine nurseries and plantations.