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Related Concept Videos

Spermatogenesis01:41

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male reproductive...
Sex-linked Disorders01:43

Sex-linked Disorders

Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Meiosis vs. Mitosis02:57

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...
Spermatogenesis01:22

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is a complex process that involves the development of sperm cells from undifferentiated stem cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. The process is essential for the production of mature and functional sperm cells that are capable of fertilizing an egg.
The process of spermatogenesis can be divided into mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. During mitosis, the spermatogonia or stem cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells, type A and B spermatogonia. Type-A...
Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model
09:40

A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model

Published on: February 6, 2018

[Impaired spermatogenesis and genes].

Eitetsu Koh1, Hiromi Suzuki, Mikio Namiki

  • 1Department of Intergrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Medical Science.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|February 19, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Crucial genes for spermatogenesis remain elusive, but Y chromosome AZF regions show correlation. Complex palindromes in Yq may explain low AZF gene expression despite minimal deletions.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Human Genetics

Context:

  • Spermatogenesis, the process of sperm production, is vital for male fertility.
  • Identifying genes responsible for spermatogenesis is crucial for understanding male infertility.
  • The AZF (azoospermia factor) regions on the Y chromosome are implicated in spermatogenesis.

Purpose:

  • To review the current understanding of AZF regions and their role in spermatogenesis.
  • To investigate the discrepancy between gene deletion frequencies and expression levels in AZF regions.
  • To explore the impact of complex palindromic sequences in Yq on gene analysis.

Summary:

  • While deletions in Y chromosome AZF regions are not as frequent as initially expected by standard PCR-STS methods, the expression of AZF genes is notably low.

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Isolation of Murine Spermatogenic Cells using a Violet-Excited Cell-Permeable DNA Binding Dye

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Functional Assessment of Kinesin-7 CENP-E in Spermatocytes Using In Vivo Inhibition, Immunofluorescence and Flow Cytometry
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Functional Assessment of Kinesin-7 CENP-E in Spermatocytes Using In Vivo Inhibition, Immunofluorescence and Flow Cytometry

Published on: December 28, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model
09:40

A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model

Published on: February 6, 2018

Isolation of Murine Spermatogenic Cells using a Violet-Excited Cell-Permeable DNA Binding Dye
08:21

Isolation of Murine Spermatogenic Cells using a Violet-Excited Cell-Permeable DNA Binding Dye

Published on: January 14, 2021

Functional Assessment of Kinesin-7 CENP-E in Spermatocytes Using In Vivo Inhibition, Immunofluorescence and Flow Cytometry
09:41

Functional Assessment of Kinesin-7 CENP-E in Spermatocytes Using In Vivo Inhibition, Immunofluorescence and Flow Cytometry

Published on: December 28, 2021

  • A complex arrangement of palindromic sequences within the Yq region poses challenges for accurately locating and analyzing these repetitive sequences using PCR-STS.
  • This structural complexity in Yq is hypothesized to be the underlying reason for the observed low expression levels of AZF genes, despite minimal observed deletions.

    • Impact:

    • Highlights the challenges in studying Y chromosome genetics due to repetitive and complex sequences.
    • Suggests that low gene expression, rather than deletion, may be a more significant factor in AZF-related male infertility.
    • Provides a basis for developing improved methodologies for analyzing complex genomic regions like those in Yq.