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Related Experiment Videos

Venomous snakebite: past, present, and future treatment options.

J R Blackman1, S Dillon

  • 1Family Practice Residency of Idaho, Boise 83704.

The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice
|July 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Venomous snakebites are a significant health concern, with rattlesnakes and copperheads being common culprits. Proper field and hospital treatment, including vacuum extraction and antivenin, are crucial for managing envenomation and preventing complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Herpetology

Background:

  • Venomous snakebites cause significant morbidity in the United States.
  • Approximately 45,000 snakebites occur annually, with 8,000 from venomous species.
  • Confusion exists regarding optimal treatment protocols for attending physicians.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify current understanding of venomous snake species and effective snakebite treatment strategies.
  • To provide guidance on field and hospital management of snake envenomation.
  • To reduce morbidity and physician risk associated with snakebite cases.

Main Methods:

  • Information gathered from the Wilderness Medical Society and Rocky Mountain Center for Wilderness Medicine libraries.
  • Review of current literature and physician practices in wilderness medicine.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Synthesis of data on venomous snakes and established treatment protocols.

    • Main Results:

    • Three genera of snakes cause most venomous snakebites in the U.S.
    • Rattlesnakes and copperheads are frequent causes of severe envenomation.
    • Bites commonly occur on extremities during summer months.

    Conclusions:

    • Field treatment emphasizes vacuum extraction and prompt medical transport; tourniquets and incision are contraindicated.
    • Hospital management requires rapid clinical and laboratory assessment for envenomation.
    • Polyvalent antivenin is indicated for reactive envenomation based on severity.
    • Prevention is the most effective snakebite management strategy.