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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Untargeted Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Analysis of Wheat Grain

Untargeted Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Analysis of Wheat Grain

Published on: March 13, 2020

Metabolites of lesser grain borer in grains.

Larry M Seitz¹, M S Ram

¹Grain Quality and Structure Research Unit, Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA. larry@gmprc.edu

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

|February 19, 2004

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The lesser grain borer (LGB) produces unique alcohol and ester metabolites, including known aggregation pheromones dominicalures 1 and 2. These findings enhance understanding of LGB chemical ecology and pest management strategies.

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Metabolomic Analysis of Barley by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

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Area of Science:

Agricultural Entomology
Chemical Ecology
Insect Biochemistry

Background:

The lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica) is a significant pest of stored grains worldwide.
Understanding the chemical communication of this pest is crucial for developing effective control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and characterize volatile alcohol and ester metabolites produced by the lesser grain borer (LGB) when cultured on wheat grain.
To investigate the chemical composition of LGB-infested grains for potential pest management applications.

Main Methods:

Volatiles from infested wheat were collected using Tenax absorbent and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) with infrared (IR) and mass spectrometry (MS) detection.
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with GC-MS was employed for detailed analysis and identification of ester metabolites.
SPME was also utilized in a synthesis process to confirm the identity of ester metabolites.

Main Results:

Predominant compounds identified were 2-pentanol and its esters with 2-methyl-2-pentenoic acid (A) and 2,4-dimethyl-2-pentenoic acid (B), known as dominicalures 1 and 2.
A variety of other 2-pentanol esters, including derivatives of A and B, and related alcohols and esters were detected.
Reanalysis of previous data confirmed the presence of numerous LGB metabolites in sorghum and commercial grain samples.

Conclusions:

The study identified a diverse range of volatile metabolites produced by the lesser grain borer, expanding the known chemical profile of this pest.
The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of LGB chemical ecology and provide potential targets for pheromone-based monitoring and control.
The identified metabolites, including dominicalures, offer insights for developing novel strategies to manage stored grain insect pests.