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Salinity and citriculture.

E V Maas1

  • 1U. S. Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 4500 Glenwood Drive, Riverside, CA 92501, USA.

Tree Physiology
|March 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Soil salinity severely impacts citrus crops like grapefruit, lemons, and oranges, reducing yields significantly. Choosing salt-tolerant rootstocks is crucial for mitigating ion toxicity and improving fruit production in saline soils.

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Physiology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress limiting global citrus production.
  • Citrus species, particularly grapefruit, lemons, and oranges, exhibit high sensitivity to salt stress.
  • Limited data exist on the quantitative impact of salinity on citrus fruit yields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize research on citrus responses to soil salinity.
  • To discuss species-specific differences in salt tolerance.
  • To explore the role of rootstocks in mitigating salt injury.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of agronomic and physiological responses of citrus to salinity.
  • Analysis of published data on fruit yield reductions under varying salinity levels.
  • Discussion of ion toxicity mechanisms and rootstock-mediated uptake control.

Main Results:

  • Citrus fruit yields decline by approximately 13% for every 1.0 dS m(-1) increase in soil electrical conductivity (ECe) above a 1.4 dS m(-1) threshold.
  • Excess chloride (Cl-) and sodium (Na+) accumulation leads to specific ion toxicities.
  • Rootstock selection can effectively minimize ion toxicity by restricting uptake.

Conclusions:

  • Citrus crops face significant yield losses due to soil salinity, necessitating careful management.
  • Understanding species-specific salt tolerance and rootstock interactions is vital for sustainable citrus production.
  • Further research should address interactions between salinity and other environmental stresses.

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