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Related Concept Videos

Endocrine Signaling01:45

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
Overview of the Vascular System01:20

Overview of the Vascular System

The vascular system comprises an extensive network of arteries, capillaries, and veins. The vascular system can be broadly divided into the blood and lymphatic systems. Typically, blood vessels can be categorized into three histological regions: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. The tunica intima consists of a single layer of endothelial cells attached to the basal lamina. Underlying the basal lamina is a connective tissue layer and an elastic lamina that gives stability and...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors01:30

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a vital component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, is abundant in lung endothelial cells. ACE converts the inactive decapeptide, angiotensin I, into the active octapeptide, angiotensin II. This potent vasoconstrictor narrows blood vessels, increasing resistance to blood flow and elevating blood pressure. Angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone production, encouraging kidney cells to reabsorb more sodium and water from urine, thereby increasing...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Glomerular Outgrowth as an Ex Vivo Assay to Analyze Pathways Involved in Parietal Epithelial Cell Activation
06:39

Glomerular Outgrowth as an Ex Vivo Assay to Analyze Pathways Involved in Parietal Epithelial Cell Activation

Published on: August 19, 2020

Glomerular epithelial cells synthesize endothelin peptides.

B S Kasinath1, T A Fried, S Davalath

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284.

The American Journal of Pathology
|August 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Glomerular epithelial cells (GEC) synthesize and secrete endothelin peptides, including endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelin-3 (ET-3). This finding suggests a role for GEC in glomerular diseases involving GEC injury.

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Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

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06:39

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Glomerular mesangial and endothelial cells are known producers of endothelin-1 (ET-1).
  • The capacity of glomerular epithelial cells (GEC) to synthesize endothelin peptides remains uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether glomerular epithelial cells (GEC) synthesize endothelin peptides.
  • To characterize the expression and secretion of endothelin peptides by GEC in vitro.

Main Methods:

  • Immunocytochemistry was used to detect ET-1 and ET-3 expression in GEC.
  • Northern blot analysis with rat prepro ET-1 genomic DNA confirmed ET-1 mRNA.
  • Radioimmunoassay and radiobinding assays quantified ET-1 secretion over time.

Main Results:

  • GEC were found to constitutively express both ET-1 and ET-3 in vitro.
  • A specific 2.3kb mRNA for ET-1 was detected in GEC.
  • GEC secreted ET-1 into the culture medium in a time-dependent manner.

Conclusions:

  • Glomerular epithelial cells (GEC) possess the capability to synthesize and secrete endothelin peptides (ET-1 and ET-3).
  • The synthesis of endothelin peptides by GEC may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of glomerular diseases characterized by GEC injury.